How To Help People With Dementia – Let’s Talk Alzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s isn’t easy, but we’ll help you understand its symptoms, treatment, and what it means for your life.
If you or someone you love has trouble remembering things, you’re probably worried about Alzheimer’s disease, a serious brain condition that gets worse over time. One in 10 people over 65 has it — and scientists think it can start developing 20 years before your first symptoms appear. While there is no cure, there are new treatments on the horizon and ways you can slow its progression. And there is more to touch. That’s why we spoke with leading Alzheimer’s experts to give you the knowledge you need about risk factors, treatments and symptoms so you can move on with your life. We’re sure you have a lot of questions… and we’re here to answer them.
How To Help People With Dementia
We’ve reached out to some of the nation’s leading Alzheimer’s experts to bring you the most up-to-date information.
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Alzheimer’s Disease Frequently Asked Questions Is Alzheimer’s Disease the Same as Dementia? Alzheimer’s is a form of dementia and the most common. About 80% of people with dementia develop Alzheimer’s disease If my mother has Alzheimer’s, am I also at risk? Having a first-degree relative who has had Alzheimer’s can increase your chance of getting it by about 10% to 15%. But more Can I prevent Alzheimer’s? Experts think exercise, a healthy diet, a rich social life (for example, volunteering or booking clubs), increase smoking cessation. Is there a cure for Alzheimer’s disease? Not yet. At best, painkillers can turn back time, but they can’t stop the progression of the disease
People talk about Alzheimer’s and dementia as if they are two different things. Not them. Dementia is used to describe a group of conditions that affect your ability to think, remember, and go about your daily life. It ranges from a mild disability — you have trouble keeping track of days or balancing a checkbook, for example — to a total inability to take care of yourself.
There are many different reasons why you develop dementia, but the most common is Alzheimer’s disease — according to the Center’s for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 80% of people with dementia have Alzheimer’s disease. It usually affects people over the age of 65 (although there is a rare early version that can affect people even in their thirties) – about one in 10 adults over 65 in the US has Alzheimer’s disease. , according to the Alzheimer’s Association. It is also a progressive disease, meaning it can go from the mildest form to the most severe over the course of about four to 12 years. How quickly it progresses depends on the age you first show symptoms: People in their 60s regress more quickly than people who develop it in their 80s, although people don’t quite know why the researcher is.
To understand Alzheimer’s, it is good to know how a healthy brain works. Everything we think, do and feel is the result of billions of nerve cells called neurons communicating with each other and sending messages via neurotransmitters to different parts of the brain. For brain cells to function, all you need is the right amount of blood and nutrients to feed them and enough glucose (also called blood sugar) to keep them strong. When there’s too much debris and too many dead neurons in your brain, immune cells, including microglia, clear out the mess.
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In the earliest stages of Alzheimer’s disease — about 20 years before the first signs of the disease appear — the brain’s ability to keep things organized begins to break down. Here’s a step-by-step of what’s happening:
This cascade of changes first affects the temporal lobes of the brain and the hippocampus, the parts of the brain involved in memory formation and learning. This is why one of the earliest signs of Alzheimer’s is likely to be memory loss (but a specific kind — more on that later). Later, more areas of the brain are affected and more neurons die, causing the brain to shrink. When that happens, people lose more critical thinking skills — such as remembering childhood events or watching a TV show — and struggle with mundane tasks like being able to dress themselves or control their bladder.
There is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease. In the worst case scenario, you lose the skills you were born with, such as swallowing, coughing, and breathing. People who die from Alzheimer’s disease usually die because they stop eating or have difficulty swallowing and develop pneumonia or other infections. Or they may die because they can’t take the drugs they need to control another condition, such as heart disease or diabetes. Today, Alzheimer’s disease is the sixth leading cause of death in the US. (at least before 2020).
It all looks bleak, but breakthroughs are on the horizon, including a new blood test that could diagnose Alzheimer’s disease earlier and new drugs in clinical trials that could slow the disease. And because researchers have learned so much over the past decade, there are steps you can take today, even if you’ve contracted the disease (or know someone who has), that will give you more quality time.
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There are many factors that cause the build-up of beta-amyloid, although researchers are still trying to understand the specific combination of factors that cause a person to develop full-blown Alzheimer’s, one still has mild cognitive impairment (a precursor to dementia), and another with beta-amyloid plaques but no problems with memory loss (and yes, it can happen – in fact 40% of over 90’s have already experienced these changes in their brain, but not all of these 90 people – older people have dementia). Here’s the final thought on what exactly contributes to the development of Alzheimer’s disease:
Alzheimer’s (and other dementias) are not part of normal aging, but the older you are, the more you are at risk of developing the disease. But why the million dollar question?
It may be that the older you are, the more risk factors you have accumulated over the years, such as poor sleep, low inflammation levels, higher blood pressure. Or it may be that the brain changes with age — less volume, fewer new brain cells, and lower levels of neurotransmitters — may also set the stage. But regardless of the cause, age is the biggest risk factor in about 90% of Alzheimer’s cases. And the percentage of people with Alzheimer’s disease increases with age: from 3% of over-65s to 74 to 32% of over-85s.
Researchers have identified more than 40 genes that increase the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. A rare mutation, which affects about 1% of people with Alzheimer’s worldwide, runs in families and is responsible for the early form of the disease that strikes when people are between 30 and 40 years old.
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Another is the APOE4 gene, which plays a role in the formation of beta-amyloid clumps. One in four people have APOE4: Having one copy triples your risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease; if you inherit two copies (from your father and mother), you double your risk. Then there are genes that can change the way immune cells like microglia interact with beta-amyloid deposits. However, biology isn’t destiny — and that’s where other health factors come into play.
Experts think that chronic conditions that affect your metabolic health (such as type 2 diabetes) and blood vessel health (such as high blood pressure) may be more important than genetics in increasing the likelihood of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Having diabetes or even prediabetes in your 40s and 50s can increase inflammation in the brain and raise your blood sugar, making it easier for beta amyloid to form clumps.
High blood pressure can damage the small blood vessels in the brain and cut off blood flow, causing dead tissue called lesions. High cholesterol and fat in the blood can also cause inflammation, making it more difficult for cells to remove proteins.
About two-thirds of all Alzheimer’s patients are women, according to the 2020 Alzheimer’s Association report. Experts attribute the difference to female lifespan: Women live longer than men, so more likely to develop dementia in old age. But one study suggests that menopause, and the hormonal shifts it causes, may explain important changes in the brain, such as the production of more beta-amyloid that contributes to Alzheimer’s disease.
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Blacks and Latinos are also more likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease – African Americans are twice as likely to develop the condition (along with other forms of dementia) and Latinos are 1.5 times more likely. This may be related to their higher rates of other diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure.
Not sleeping well — waking up often, difficulty dozing off — is associated with higher levels of risk, especially if you have the APOE4 gene, a study finds. One reason not sleeping enough can lead to a higher risk: Boston researchers found that deep sleep (the kind that’s often interrupted when you don’t get enough Z’s) allows the fluid in your brain and spinal cord (the cerebrospinal fluid) to get rid of dirt. to remove from your brain.
Being overweight between the ages of 40 and 50 may play a role in Alzheimer’s disease, as it also lowers your chances of developing diabetes, poor heart health, and
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