How To Determine If Someone Has Dementia – Lewy body dementia (LBD) is a common type of dementia that occurs when proteins called Lewy bodies build up in your brain. They damage parts of the brain that affect cognition, behavior, movement, and sleep. LBD is a progressive condition, meaning it gets worse over time. There is no cure, but medications and treatments can help manage symptoms.
Symptoms of Lewy body dementia (LBD) can be similar to other neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. They change over time and vary from person to person.
How To Determine If Someone Has Dementia
Lewy body dementia (LBD) is a type of dementia in which you have Lewy bodies in your brain. Lewy bodies are clusters of proteins that form inside some neurons (brain cells). They damage the neurons in your brain that affect your mental abilities, behavior, movement, and sleep.
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LBD is one of the most common causes of dementia in people over the age of 65. Symptoms of LBD can be similar to other neurological conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.
There is no cure for LBD, but symptoms can be managed with certain medications. You or your loved one may benefit from non-medical treatments such as physical therapy and speech therapy.
Dementia with Lewy bodies and dementia in Parkinson’s disease are two related clinical disorders that make up the overall broad category of Lewy body dementias. Sometimes providers first diagnose LBD as Parkinson’s disease or Alzheimer’s disease based on its symptoms.
Lewy body dementia (LBD) usually affects people over the age of 50. The older you are, the greater your risk of developing the condition. Males and those assigned to males at birth are more likely to have Lewy body dementia than women and those assigned to females at birth.
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Lewy body dementia is one of the most common forms of progressive dementia. Researchers estimate that approximately 1.4 million people in the United States are living with the disease.
Symptoms of Lewy body dementia (LBD) can be similar to other neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Symptoms change over time and vary from person to person.
One of the main characteristics of LBD is parkinsonism, an umbrella term for a brain condition that causes movement problems:
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Some people with LBD may not experience significant movement problems for many years, while others may experience them early on. At first, signs of arousal can be very subtle and easy to miss.
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Abnormalities in cognitive (mental) function are a relatively characteristic feature of dementia with Lewy bodies. A person with LBD may experience periods of alertness and coherence between periods of confusion and incoherence. This can change from day to day or within a day.
Visual hallucinations, or visual hallucinations, are common in 80% of people with LBD. Other types of hallucinations, such as hearing or smelling things that aren’t there, are less common than visual hallucinations, but can occur.
Eye problems, including reduced depth perception, difficulty recognizing familiar objects, and impaired hand-eye coordination are common in people with LBD.
Sleep disturbances are common in people with LBD, especially rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD). This condition often involves screaming or talking while sleeping, along with movements or kicks. People living with RBD have difficulty distinguishing dreams from reality when they wake up.
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Dysautonomia is a general term for a group of disorders that share a common problem – an autonomic nervous system (ANS) that doesn’t work as it should.
The ANS is responsible for your body’s heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, digestion, and more. the part of your nervous system that controls involuntary functions (functions you don’t consciously control), such as
People with LBD may have problems with their autonomic nervous system, which can lead to the following symptoms:
People with LBD may experience changes in behavior and mood, which may be worsened by a decline in their ability to think. Symptoms may include:
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Formation of Lewy bodies (a protein called alpha-synuclein) with Lewy bodies causes both dementia and the dementia of Parkinson’s disease. When Lewy bodies accumulate in neurons, they damage certain areas of your brain.
Researchers don’t know why some people develop LBD and others don’t. Some believe that a combination of mutations in a person’s genes, environmental risk factors, and natural aging may lead some people to develop LBD. The exact cause is still under investigation.
One of the latest developments in the cause of Lewy body dementia is the discovery of an increasing number of gene mutations. Two recently discovered genetic risk factors differ as follows:
It is already known to increase the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. There is also evidence that it increases the risk of dementia with Lewy bodies. Likewise,
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This gene increases the risk of Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Despite these findings, scientists still believe that genetic mutations as a cause of LBD are rare. Most dementias with Lewy bodies are not hereditary (passed from parent to child).
Lewy body dementia (LBD) can be difficult to diagnose. Early LBD symptoms are often confused with symptoms found in other brain or psychiatric conditions.
There is no medical test that can diagnose Lewy body dementia with 100% accuracy. Diagnosis may require a team of specialists, including:
Together, they can make a diagnosis of “probable LBD” based on the combined results of tests and symptoms.
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A diagnosis of LBD with a history of progressive cognitive decline that interferes with daily activities is considered probable if two of the following four main symptoms are present, and probable if only one is present:
Some people with Parkinson’s disease who develop cognitive symptoms less than a year after the onset of movement problems may be diagnosed with Lewy body dementia.
Health care providers use the following strategies to help diagnose LBD and rule out conditions that cause similar symptoms:
There is no cure for Lewy body dementia (LBD). Medications and non-medical treatments such as physical, occupational, and speech therapy can help manage symptoms as much as possible.
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In advanced cases of dementia with Lewy bodies, palliative care—help that relieves symptoms, provides comfort, and support for people with serious illnesses—may be preferable to overly invasive medical interventions or inpatient care.
If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with LBD, it’s important to learn about the condition and all medications and treatments to help you be as comfortable and safe as possible.
Each person’s experience with Lewy body dementia (LBD) is unique to them. It is impossible to know how slowly or quickly the disease will develop, but it can be affected by general health and existing conditions.
Because LBD is a progressive disease, problems with mental and physical functions worsen over time. Currently, there is no known way to stop the development of the disease.
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However, there is always hope. Research into dementia with Lewy bodies, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease with dementia continues. New drugs are being developed and new methods of treatment are being studied.
The average life expectancy for dementia with Lewy bodies is five to eight years after initial diagnosis. But some people with LBD live up to 20 years after diagnosis.
This reduction in life expectancy may be due to the lack of knowledge about LBD among health care workers and residents and the difficulty in differentiating it from other similar conditions. This often leads to a delay in diagnosis, which delays the initiation of specific therapy.
If you are caring for someone diagnosed with Lewy Body Dementia (LBD), it is important to be aware of the condition and seek professional guidance for caring for them at home. Understanding LBD will help you overcome everyday challenges.
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You may need to make changes to your home to make their daily life easier. For example, it helps to have a bright, cheerful and familiar atmosphere. It is also important to ensure that your home is secure and clear of any obstacles that could fall.
People with LBD may need to hire someone else to look after their finances due to their reduced understanding and judgment skills. Before their decline in mental function becomes severe, it is important to clarify their wishes regarding care and the financial and legal system.
If you or a loved one has symptoms of Lewy body dementia, talk to your healthcare provider.
If you’ve been diagnosed with dementia with Lewy bodies, you’ll need to see your health care team regularly to monitor your health and symptoms and make sure your medication is working.
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Knowing early that you have a diagnosis of Lewy body dementia (LBD) allows you and your family to plan a meaningful quality of life together and helps you organize your legal, financial, and healthcare plans and wishes. Your healthcare team will be there to educate, support and care for you or your loved one. Also ask the group for information about local LBD support groups. Support groups can be very helpful in sharing care tips and providing comfort in knowing you are not alone.
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